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	Surgery Pioneer Dr. George W. Crile in 1921 founded the Cleveland Clinic and the American College of Surgeons, and pioneered many surgical procedures.
	Michelson-Morley Experiment Albert A. Michelson was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in physics. His experiment disproved the notion that space is filled with ether.
	Applying X-Rays in Medicine Dayton C. Miller, a physicist at the Case School of Applied Science did the first experiments using X-rays to observe fractured bones.
	General Anesthesia Pioneer Dr. Ernest H. Volwiler and Donalee L. Tabern, both native Ohioans, in 1936 discovered Pentothal, the general anesthetic.
	Heimlich Maneuver Henry J. Heimlich developed the Heimlich Maneuver, the simple procedure that laymen can use to save victims of choking.
	First Dental School Dr. John M. Harris in 1928 started the world's first dental school in Bainbridge, Ohio, and helped to establish dentistry as a health profession.
	Polio Vaccine Production Dr. Frederick C. Robbins, of Cleveland, developed technology for growing the poliomyelitis virus, paving the way for mass production of polio vaccine.
	Genetic Engineering Landmark The world's first functional gene transfer between mammalian species was performed in 1981 at Ohio University in Athens.
	Ohio Name on the Scale Charles F. Richter developed the scale to measure earthquake intensity that bears his name.  The Richter scale is used around the world.
	Artificial Kidney Machine Inventor Dr. Willem J. Kolff invented the kidney dialysis, or artificial kidney, machine.
	Battelle The Battelle Memorial Institute opened in Columbus in 1929, one of the nation's first privately endowed research laboratories.
	Oral Polio Vaccine Namesake Dr. Albert Sabin in 1950 developed a polio vaccine that could be taken by mouth, rather than injection, and remains in wide use today.
	First Female MD Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, of Cincinnati, graduated from the Geneva Medical College in New York in1849, becoming the first woman doctor in the U.S.
	First Genetics Doctorate Dr. Harriet Hyman Parker, a pioneering researcher in human genetics, was the first person to get a doctorate in that field at the Ohio State University.
	Crile Founds Cleveland Clinic Dr. George W. Crile, a native of Chili, led a group of four Ohio physicians who founded the Cleveland Clinic in 1921.
	First Female Dentist The Ohio College of Dental Surgery in Cincinnati in 1866 became the first dental school in the United States to grant a degree to a woman.
	Tagamet is From Ohio Dr. Graham John Durant discovered the H2 receptor class of drugs, including Tagamet, which inhibit the production of stomach acid.
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